Network uptime
Author: m | 2025-04-23
The Uptime Network portal is the online community for Uptime Network. Uptime Network’s portal is a real-time communications portal to enable Uptime Network members from all over the The Uptime Network portal is the online community for Uptime Network. Uptime Network’s portal is a real-time communications portal to enable Uptime Network members from all over the
Guarantee Network Uptime with Network Uptime
Of a network.Uptime Monitoring: Network Availability Monitoring primarily focuses on tracking the availability and uptime of network components, including routers, switches, servers, and critical services or applications. It continuously checks whether these resources are reachable and responsive.Real-Time Monitoring: Similar to other NPM activities, Network Availability Monitoring provides real-time data about the status of network resources. It constantly checks the availability of devices and services and reports any outages, disruptions oe network disconnections as they occur.Alerting and Notifications: Network Availability Monitoring tools often include alerting mechanisms. When a monitored resource becomes unavailable or experiences downtime, these tools can trigger alerts and notifications to inform network administrators or IT teams. This enables rapid response to address issues and minimize service disruptions.Downtime Analysis: Availability monitoring helps in analyzing the causes of downtime or service interruptions. It can distinguish between network-related problems, hardware failures, software issues, or other factors that may affect resource accessibility.Performance Impact: Network availability is closely related to network performance. Downtime or resource unavailability can significantly impact the performance and productivity of network users. By ensuring high availability, NPM indirectly contributes to maintaining optimal network performance.Historical Data: Availability monitoring tools store historical data, allowing organizations to analyze uptime trends over time. This data is valuable for identifying patterns, planning maintenance, and making informed decisions about resource redundancy and network failover strategies.In summary, Network Availability Monitoring is a vital component of Network Performance Monitoring that specifically focuses on ensuring the continuous availability and accessibility of network resources and services. It works in tandem with other aspects of NPM, such as latency monitoring, bandwidth utilization analysis, and security monitoring, to ensure that the network operates reliably and meets the needs of users and business operations.By monitoring and maintaining high availability, organizations can minimize downtime and deliver a consistently high-quality network experience. Network Availability Monitoring: Client Expectations vs. SLAsLearn what network availability is, how to use network availability monitoring to identify network performance issues vs. network availability issues. Learn more III. What Is Network Uptime Monitoring & How It Relates to Network Performance Monitoring Next, related to the concept we just mentioned above, we have Network Uptime Monitoring. Network Uptime Monitoring is a specific aspect of Network Performance Monitoring (NPM) that focuses on measuring and ensuring the continuous availability and uptime of network resources and services.It is a critical component of NPM because it directly affects the reliability and overall performance of a network.Availability Tracking: Network Uptime Monitoring is concerned with tracking the availability and uptime of network components, such as routers, switches, servers, and services. It continuously checks whether these resources are online and functioning as expected.Real-Time Monitoring: Similar to other aspects of NPM, Network Uptime Monitoring provides real-time data about the status of network resources. It constantly checks the availability of devices and services and reports any outages or disruptions as they occur.Downtime Analysis: Availability monitoring helps in analyzing the causes of downtime or service interruptions. It can distinguish between network-related problems, hardware failures, software issues, or other factors that may affect Resource accessibility.Performance Impact: Network uptime is closely related to network performance. Downtime or resource unavailability can significantly impact the performance and productivity of network users. By ensuring high uptime, NPM indirectly contributes to maintaining optimal network performance.Historical Data: Uptime monitoring tools store historical data, allowing organizations to analyze uptime trends over time. This data is valuable for identifying patterns, planning maintenance, and making informed decisions about resource redundancy and failover strategies.In essence, Network Uptime Monitoring is a crucial component of Network Performance Monitoring, ensuring that network resources and services remain continuously available and reliable. It works in conjunction with other NPM activities, such as latency monitoring, bandwidth utilization analysis, security monitoring, and more, to maintain a network that operates consistently and meets the needs of users and business operations.By monitoring and maintaining high uptime, organizations can minimize downtime, deliver a consistently high-quality network experience, and maximize the productivity of network users.IV. What Is Network Capacity Monitoring & How It Relates to Network Performance Monitoring Network Capacity Monitoring is another aspect of Network Performance Monitoring (NPM) that focuses on assessing and managing the network's capacity to handle data traffic effectively. It involves monitoring and analyzing network bandwidth, throughput, and resource utilization to ensure that the network can accommodate current and future demands.Network Capacity Monitoring is closely related to NPM because it plays a pivotal role in maintaining optimal network performance and user satisfaction.Bandwidth Utilization: Network Capacity Monitoring involves continuous monitoring of the network's bandwidth utilization. It tracks how much of the available network capacity is currently in use and identifies trends in traffic patterns.Resource Optimization: By assessing network capacity, Capacity Monitoring helps in optimizing resource allocation. It enables network administrators to allocate bandwidth more efficiently to ensure critical applications receive adequate resources while minimizing congestion.Performance Impact: Network capacity directly impacts network performance. If a network becomes congested due to insufficient capacity, it can result in slowdowns, latency, packet loss, and degraded user experiences. Capacity Monitoring helps prevent such issues.In summary, Network Capacity Monitoring is an integral component of Network Performance Monitoring, focusing on the network's ability to handle traffic effectively and efficiently. It works in conjunction with other NPM activities, such as latency monitoring, availability monitoring, security monitoring, and more, to ensure that the network operates optimally and meets the needs of users and business operations. V. What Is Network Application Monitoring & How It Relates to Network Performance Monitoring Network Application Monitoring is a specialized subset of Network Performance Monitoring (NPM) that focuses on the health and performance of individual networked applications and services. It involves monitoring and analyzing the behavior, availability, and responsiveness of specific applications to ensure they operate efficiently and deliver a high-quality user experience.Network Application Monitoring is closely related to NPM because it provides insights into how applications and services are performing on the network, which is vital for overall network performance assessment.Application-Specific Monitoring: Network Application Monitoring specifically targets individual applications and services running on the network. It collects data about how these applications are behaving,Guarantee Network Uptime with Network Uptime Monitoring
While not every network user requires that access be available on a 24/7, round-the-clock basis, a high level of system or IT system uptime is a goal that every organization should strive for on an annual basis.Whether it’s a measure of how much time employees are unable to access a system or (depending on their level of IT reliance) how much time employees spend not working, downtime is undesirable for any organization. As such, organizations typically create service-level agreements that specify a target annual uptime percentage between 99% and 100% on a year-round basis, according to Atlassian.100% reliability not impossible, yet not worth the costWhen it comes to system reliability, networks employed for applications including hospital patient recordkeeping, data server center operations and control systems for unmanned military vehicles, for example, cannot operate without a consistently high percentage of uptime. Yet even for these types of systems, the exorbitant resourcing and engineering costs associated with achieving a true 100% annual uptime rate does not make the goal feasible, particularly with recent increases in cyberattack frequency and the unpredictability of natural disasters. Simply put, the complexity of resourcing needed to ensure no downtime at any given moment is not worth the cost, according to cybersecurity expert and blogger Chris Lema.According to Vxchnge, the “gold-standard” for annual network uptime that an organization should strive for is 99.999% (an uptime percentage referred to as “five-nines”), while the highest possible level is 99.99999% (seven-nines). For perspective, the difference in the amount of time lost between the two uptime percentages is more than five minutes – the former representing over five minutes of annual network downtime, while the latter translates to just over three seconds, according to Nordic APIs.“The further down the uptime rabbit hole you go, the more complexity and time you add, and the harder it becomes to realize a tangible benefit,” said Atlassian Product Marketing Manager Blake Thorne. “Going from two nines to four nines is a lot simpler than going from four nines to six nines…at some point, you see diminishing benefit from chasing (uptime).”Creating a network that sees as little downtime as possibleWhen it comes to establishing a network infrastructure that aims to achieve and maintain a high amount of uptime on an annual basis, it is recommended that an organizer “strike a balance” between complexity and simplicity to avoid costly over or under-engineering.For instance – a beginner-level programmer can design a simple website that may not be secure, but experiences 100% uptime, while an advanced level programmer can do the opposite. Both scenarios are beneficial in their own ways, yet present their own unique problems. Here are some recommendations as to how one can create a system with near-perfect uptime without compromising cybersecurity or intuitive functionality:Establish failovers-Use multiple servers in separate locationsOne way to guarantee that a DNS does not experience a traffic overload is through the use of multiple redundant servers, or “server clusters” set in separate locations. Along with creating servers in collocation centers closer to users,. The Uptime Network portal is the online community for Uptime Network. Uptime Network’s portal is a real-time communications portal to enable Uptime Network members from all over the The Uptime Network portal is the online community for Uptime Network. Uptime Network’s portal is a real-time communications portal to enable Uptime Network members from all over theMonitor Network Speed and Uptime with a Server Uptime Monitor
Launched on mainnet just over a year ago. The network continues to be run by a robust group of independent validators around the world. The Solana network is one of the world’s most decentralized proof-of-stake blockchains, and one of the most developed on, with 2500-3000 developers consistently choosing to build on Solana. Read on for a few statistics the Solana Foundation tracks to measure the decentralization and vitality of the Solana network (updated as of Feb. 26, 2024 unless noted otherwise).Details of network performanceIn order for a billion people to use and take advantage of the benefits of the Solana network, users need to feel confident in the network’s overall reliability, including the ability to consistently access the network and safety of funds and information. The Foundation is committed to tracking network performance over time through quantitative and qualitative measures. For this report, we highlight four metrics for the sake of simplicity and to allow users to easily track these metrics and how they progress over time. We’ve included these metrics, as well a few others, on a Dune dashboard that makes it easy to dig a layer deeper into the data or run your own analyses. UptimeA constantly reliable network is foundational to the trust and continued growth of the network. One of the most important measures of reliability is network uptime, or the percentage of time that the network is successfully running and available to use. 100% uptime within a specific period of time means that there were no errors or incidents that caused the network to be unavailable during that period. The Solana network has had 99.94% uptime in the 12 month period previous to the publishing of this report (March 1, 2023 - Feb. 29, 2024). Below, we snapshot the network’s monthly uptime, measured as the Response time and error free page loading. Website traffic monitoring software maintains a record of real time status, previous condition and always keep an eye on all ...Category: Network ToolsDeveloper: Data Restore| Download | Price: $69.00Website Uptime CheckerWeb server monitoring software is advanced utility to monitor 24 hours real time website performance status such as uptime status, downtime status, response time, ping status etc. Site uptime monitoring software guarantees availability of websites and ...Category: Network ToolsDeveloper: Chat Software| Download | Price: $69.00A1 Website Analyzer v.4.0.7Get detailed stats for all pages such as HTML errors, page size, response headers, mime type, response time and download time. Make sure file sizes of your images and documents are not too big. Verify your website does not suffer from broken links and ...Category: Training ToolsDeveloper: Microsys| Download | Buy: $69.00IPlanet Web Proxy Server v.4.0.14iPlanet Web Proxy Server solves the problems of network congestion and slow response time and provides control over network resources without burdening end users or network administrators. Fine grained control is provided over the use of network ...Category: Network ToolsDeveloper: Oracle| Download | Price: - Pages : 1 | 2 >Fixed: Network uptime /System uptime - Plusnet Community
In the Task Manager window, switch to the Performance tab. 3. Select the CPU column.4. The Windows 10 uptime will be displayed as shown in the figure.This method is quite an easier way to see system uptime in Windows 10, and since it gives graphical data, it is easy for analysis.Method 4: Check Network SettingsWhen your system is connected to the internet using an Ethernet connection, you could use your network settings to monitor the Windows 10 uptime.1. You can launch the Run dialog box by going to the search menu and typing Run.3. Type ncpa.cpl as follows and click OK.4. Right-click on the Ethernet network, you’ll see the Status option as follows. Click on it.5. Once you click on the Status option, your Windows 10 uptime will be displayed on the screen under a name called Duration.Method 5: Use the Windows Management Interface command1. Launch the Command Prompt using administrative privileges. 2. Enter the following command into cmd and hit Enter: wmic path Win32_OperatingSystem get LastBootUptime.3. Your last boot-up time will be displayed as follows.Some may want to find the uptime with a piece of numerical information as depicted above. It is explained below:Year of the Last Reboot: 2021.The month of the Last Reboot: May (05).Day of the Last Reboot: 15.Hour of the Last Reboot: 06.Minutes of the Last Reboot: 57.Seconds of the Last Reboot: 22.Milliseconds of the Last Reboot: 500000.GMT of the Last Reboot: +330 (5 hours ahead of GMT).This means that your system was rebooted on 15th May 2021, at 6.57 PM, accurately at 22nd second. You could simply calculate your system’s uptime by subtracting the current operational time with this last rebooted time.You cannot view your exact last boot uptime if your Windows 10 system has the Fast start-up feature enabled. This is a default featureWhat Is Network Uptime? - Veloce
RAM: 2048 MB Bandwidth: 100 Mbps Uptime: 99% Hong Kong SAR China CPU: 1 cores RAM: 1024 MB Bandwidth: 200 Mbps Uptime: 99% Spain CPU: 1 cores RAM: 1024 MB Bandwidth: 200 Mbps Uptime: 99% Germany CPU: 2 cores RAM: 4096 MB Bandwidth: 200 Mbps Uptime: 99% India CPU: 2 cores RAM: 4096 MB Bandwidth: 100 Mbps Uptime: 99% France CPU: 2 cores RAM: 2048 MB Bandwidth: 250 Mbps Uptime: 99% Switzerland CPU: 1 cores RAM: 1024 MB Bandwidth: 200 Mbps Uptime: 99% Singapore CPU: 4 cores RAM: 6144 MB Bandwidth: 200 Mbps Uptime: 99% Canada CPU: 1 cores RAM: 2048 MB Bandwidth: 200 Mbps Uptime: 99% South Korea CPU: 1 cores RAM: 1024 MB Bandwidth: 200 Mbps Uptime: 99% Our Pricing Plans Explore our plans to find the best fit for your requirements. MONTHLY SUBSCRIPTION $1.99 /month MONTHLY VPN ACCESS Starting at: $1.09/month/server Get in Touch Contact us today to explore how our team can assist you. Whether you have inquiries, need support, or want to discuss a partnership, we're here to help. Reach out to us and let's start a conversation! ZVPN (zboot VPN) is a leading provider of secure and reliable VPN services, dedicated to ensuring your online privacy and freedom. With a global network of servers, we offer fast and unrestricted internet access, allowing you to browse, stream, and download with complete anonymity and security.. The Uptime Network portal is the online community for Uptime Network. Uptime Network’s portal is a real-time communications portal to enable Uptime Network members from all over theThe Secret to 100% Network Uptime
Percentage of uptime in a given month over the past 6 months. Average monthly uptime: September 2023: 100% October 2023: 100% November 2023: 100% December 2023: 100% January 2024: 100% February 2024: 99.31% September 2023 October 2023 November 2023 December 2023 January 2024 February 2024 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 99.31% The network experienced a 4 hour 46 minute outage on Feb. 6, 2024. The outage was caused by a bug in the LoadedPrograms function that led to an infinite loop and halted consensus. This bug had previously been identified and was scheduled to be deployed during the v1.18 release cycle, and instead was deployed immediately upon cluster restart. Importantly, during a network outage, all funds are safe. Anza published a root cause analysis report of the outage on Feb. 9, 2024. 100% uptime is a consistent goal for the network – this sort of reliability and consistency builds trust for users and potential users that the network will be consistently available for use over time, and if there is downtime, that access will be quickly restored. To that end, it’s important to note that on Solana, time between outages continues to grow. Messari’s Jan. 11, 2024 State of Solana report noted that the period between Feb. 25, 2023 and Dec. 31, 2023 was the network’s longest-ever period without a network interruption, at 309 days. [1]Comments
Of a network.Uptime Monitoring: Network Availability Monitoring primarily focuses on tracking the availability and uptime of network components, including routers, switches, servers, and critical services or applications. It continuously checks whether these resources are reachable and responsive.Real-Time Monitoring: Similar to other NPM activities, Network Availability Monitoring provides real-time data about the status of network resources. It constantly checks the availability of devices and services and reports any outages, disruptions oe network disconnections as they occur.Alerting and Notifications: Network Availability Monitoring tools often include alerting mechanisms. When a monitored resource becomes unavailable or experiences downtime, these tools can trigger alerts and notifications to inform network administrators or IT teams. This enables rapid response to address issues and minimize service disruptions.Downtime Analysis: Availability monitoring helps in analyzing the causes of downtime or service interruptions. It can distinguish between network-related problems, hardware failures, software issues, or other factors that may affect resource accessibility.Performance Impact: Network availability is closely related to network performance. Downtime or resource unavailability can significantly impact the performance and productivity of network users. By ensuring high availability, NPM indirectly contributes to maintaining optimal network performance.Historical Data: Availability monitoring tools store historical data, allowing organizations to analyze uptime trends over time. This data is valuable for identifying patterns, planning maintenance, and making informed decisions about resource redundancy and network failover strategies.In summary, Network Availability Monitoring is a vital component of Network Performance Monitoring that specifically focuses on ensuring the continuous availability and accessibility of network resources and services. It works in tandem with other aspects of NPM, such as latency monitoring, bandwidth utilization analysis, and security monitoring, to ensure that the network operates reliably and meets the needs of users and business operations.By monitoring and maintaining high availability, organizations can minimize downtime and deliver a consistently high-quality network experience. Network Availability Monitoring: Client Expectations vs. SLAsLearn what network availability is, how to use network availability monitoring to identify network performance issues vs. network availability issues. Learn more III. What Is Network Uptime Monitoring & How It Relates to Network Performance Monitoring Next, related to the concept we just mentioned above, we have Network Uptime Monitoring. Network Uptime Monitoring is a specific aspect of Network Performance Monitoring (NPM) that focuses on measuring and ensuring the continuous availability and uptime of network resources and services.It is a critical component of NPM because it directly affects the reliability and overall performance of a network.Availability Tracking: Network Uptime Monitoring is concerned with tracking the availability and uptime of network components, such as routers, switches, servers, and services. It continuously checks whether these resources are online and functioning as expected.Real-Time Monitoring: Similar to other aspects of NPM, Network Uptime Monitoring provides real-time data about the status of network resources. It constantly checks the availability of devices and services and reports any outages or disruptions as they occur.Downtime Analysis: Availability monitoring helps in analyzing the causes of downtime or service interruptions. It can distinguish between network-related problems, hardware failures, software issues, or other factors that may affect
2025-03-24Resource accessibility.Performance Impact: Network uptime is closely related to network performance. Downtime or resource unavailability can significantly impact the performance and productivity of network users. By ensuring high uptime, NPM indirectly contributes to maintaining optimal network performance.Historical Data: Uptime monitoring tools store historical data, allowing organizations to analyze uptime trends over time. This data is valuable for identifying patterns, planning maintenance, and making informed decisions about resource redundancy and failover strategies.In essence, Network Uptime Monitoring is a crucial component of Network Performance Monitoring, ensuring that network resources and services remain continuously available and reliable. It works in conjunction with other NPM activities, such as latency monitoring, bandwidth utilization analysis, security monitoring, and more, to maintain a network that operates consistently and meets the needs of users and business operations.By monitoring and maintaining high uptime, organizations can minimize downtime, deliver a consistently high-quality network experience, and maximize the productivity of network users.IV. What Is Network Capacity Monitoring & How It Relates to Network Performance Monitoring Network Capacity Monitoring is another aspect of Network Performance Monitoring (NPM) that focuses on assessing and managing the network's capacity to handle data traffic effectively. It involves monitoring and analyzing network bandwidth, throughput, and resource utilization to ensure that the network can accommodate current and future demands.Network Capacity Monitoring is closely related to NPM because it plays a pivotal role in maintaining optimal network performance and user satisfaction.Bandwidth Utilization: Network Capacity Monitoring involves continuous monitoring of the network's bandwidth utilization. It tracks how much of the available network capacity is currently in use and identifies trends in traffic patterns.Resource Optimization: By assessing network capacity, Capacity Monitoring helps in optimizing resource allocation. It enables network administrators to allocate bandwidth more efficiently to ensure critical applications receive adequate resources while minimizing congestion.Performance Impact: Network capacity directly impacts network performance. If a network becomes congested due to insufficient capacity, it can result in slowdowns, latency, packet loss, and degraded user experiences. Capacity Monitoring helps prevent such issues.In summary, Network Capacity Monitoring is an integral component of Network Performance Monitoring, focusing on the network's ability to handle traffic effectively and efficiently. It works in conjunction with other NPM activities, such as latency monitoring, availability monitoring, security monitoring, and more, to ensure that the network operates optimally and meets the needs of users and business operations. V. What Is Network Application Monitoring & How It Relates to Network Performance Monitoring Network Application Monitoring is a specialized subset of Network Performance Monitoring (NPM) that focuses on the health and performance of individual networked applications and services. It involves monitoring and analyzing the behavior, availability, and responsiveness of specific applications to ensure they operate efficiently and deliver a high-quality user experience.Network Application Monitoring is closely related to NPM because it provides insights into how applications and services are performing on the network, which is vital for overall network performance assessment.Application-Specific Monitoring: Network Application Monitoring specifically targets individual applications and services running on the network. It collects data about how these applications are behaving,
2025-03-31While not every network user requires that access be available on a 24/7, round-the-clock basis, a high level of system or IT system uptime is a goal that every organization should strive for on an annual basis.Whether it’s a measure of how much time employees are unable to access a system or (depending on their level of IT reliance) how much time employees spend not working, downtime is undesirable for any organization. As such, organizations typically create service-level agreements that specify a target annual uptime percentage between 99% and 100% on a year-round basis, according to Atlassian.100% reliability not impossible, yet not worth the costWhen it comes to system reliability, networks employed for applications including hospital patient recordkeeping, data server center operations and control systems for unmanned military vehicles, for example, cannot operate without a consistently high percentage of uptime. Yet even for these types of systems, the exorbitant resourcing and engineering costs associated with achieving a true 100% annual uptime rate does not make the goal feasible, particularly with recent increases in cyberattack frequency and the unpredictability of natural disasters. Simply put, the complexity of resourcing needed to ensure no downtime at any given moment is not worth the cost, according to cybersecurity expert and blogger Chris Lema.According to Vxchnge, the “gold-standard” for annual network uptime that an organization should strive for is 99.999% (an uptime percentage referred to as “five-nines”), while the highest possible level is 99.99999% (seven-nines). For perspective, the difference in the amount of time lost between the two uptime percentages is more than five minutes – the former representing over five minutes of annual network downtime, while the latter translates to just over three seconds, according to Nordic APIs.“The further down the uptime rabbit hole you go, the more complexity and time you add, and the harder it becomes to realize a tangible benefit,” said Atlassian Product Marketing Manager Blake Thorne. “Going from two nines to four nines is a lot simpler than going from four nines to six nines…at some point, you see diminishing benefit from chasing (uptime).”Creating a network that sees as little downtime as possibleWhen it comes to establishing a network infrastructure that aims to achieve and maintain a high amount of uptime on an annual basis, it is recommended that an organizer “strike a balance” between complexity and simplicity to avoid costly over or under-engineering.For instance – a beginner-level programmer can design a simple website that may not be secure, but experiences 100% uptime, while an advanced level programmer can do the opposite. Both scenarios are beneficial in their own ways, yet present their own unique problems. Here are some recommendations as to how one can create a system with near-perfect uptime without compromising cybersecurity or intuitive functionality:Establish failovers-Use multiple servers in separate locationsOne way to guarantee that a DNS does not experience a traffic overload is through the use of multiple redundant servers, or “server clusters” set in separate locations. Along with creating servers in collocation centers closer to users,
2025-04-21Launched on mainnet just over a year ago. The network continues to be run by a robust group of independent validators around the world. The Solana network is one of the world’s most decentralized proof-of-stake blockchains, and one of the most developed on, with 2500-3000 developers consistently choosing to build on Solana. Read on for a few statistics the Solana Foundation tracks to measure the decentralization and vitality of the Solana network (updated as of Feb. 26, 2024 unless noted otherwise).Details of network performanceIn order for a billion people to use and take advantage of the benefits of the Solana network, users need to feel confident in the network’s overall reliability, including the ability to consistently access the network and safety of funds and information. The Foundation is committed to tracking network performance over time through quantitative and qualitative measures. For this report, we highlight four metrics for the sake of simplicity and to allow users to easily track these metrics and how they progress over time. We’ve included these metrics, as well a few others, on a Dune dashboard that makes it easy to dig a layer deeper into the data or run your own analyses. UptimeA constantly reliable network is foundational to the trust and continued growth of the network. One of the most important measures of reliability is network uptime, or the percentage of time that the network is successfully running and available to use. 100% uptime within a specific period of time means that there were no errors or incidents that caused the network to be unavailable during that period. The Solana network has had 99.94% uptime in the 12 month period previous to the publishing of this report (March 1, 2023 - Feb. 29, 2024). Below, we snapshot the network’s monthly uptime, measured as the
2025-04-17